Deseases we target

List of the most common cardiovascular diseases of internal origin
(endogenous, vascular, metabolic, autoimmune, degenerative, congenital)

❤️ Heart
• Ischemic heart disease (IHD)
• Angina pectoris
• Myocardial infarction
• Heart failure
• Cardiomyopathies (dilated, hypertrophic, etc.)
• Myocarditis
• Endocarditis
• Heart valve diseases (congenital and acquired)
• Rhythm disorders (arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation)
• Pericarditis

🫀 Aorta
• Aortic atherosclerosis
• Aortic aneurysm
• Aortic dissection
• Aortitis
• Coarctation of the aorta (congenital narrowing)

🔴 Arteries
• Atherosclerosis of arteries
• Arterial hypertension (vascular changes)
• Obliterating endarteritis
• Arterial vasculitis
• Arterial thrombosis
• Arterial embolism
• Arterial stenosis

🔻 Arterioles
• Arteriolosclerosis
• Hypertensive microangiopathy
• Diabetic microangiopathy
• Vasospastic disorders

🩸 Capillaries
• Capillaropathies
• Diabetic microangiopathy
• Small-vessel vasculitis
• Microcirculatory disorders
• Increased capillary fragility

🔵 Venules
• Venulitis (inflammation of venules)
• Microthrombosis of venules
• Venous microcirculation disorders

🟣 Veins
• Varicose veins
• Chronic venous insufficiency
• Phlebitis
• Thrombophlebitis
• Venous thrombosis (including deep vein thrombosis)
• Post-thrombotic syndrome

🩸 Blood
• Anemias (iron-deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, etc.)
• Polycythemia
• Leukemias
• Thrombocytopenia
• Thrombophilias
• Hemophilia
• Blood coagulation disorders
• Myeloproliferative diseases

Diseases of the digestive system

Below is a list of the most common digestive system diseases of internal origin

👄 Oral cavity
• Stomatitis (viral, bacterial, aphthous)
• Oral candidiasis (thrush)
• Leukoplakia of the mucosa
• Oral lichen planus

🦷 Teeth
• Pulpitis
• Periodontitis
• Enamel hypoplasia (congenital)
• Excessive tooth wear

👅 Tongue
• Glossitis
• Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis)
• Fissured tongue (congenital)
• Candidiasis of the tongue

💧 Salivary glands
• Sialadenitis (inflammation of glands)
• Parotitis (epidemic — viral)
• Sialolithiasis (salivary stone disease)
• Sjögren’s syndrome (autoimmune)

👄 Pharynx
• Pharyngitis
• Chronic pharyngitis

🫗 Esophagus
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Esophagitis (inflammation)
• Achalasia of the cardia
• Barrett’s esophagus
• Esophageal diverticula

🫃 Stomach
• Gastritis (acute, chronic, autoimmune)
• Peptic ulcer disease of the stomach
• Gastric polyps
• Functional dyspepsia

🧬 Small intestine (overall)
• Enteritis
• Malabsorption syndrome
• Celiac disease (autoimmune)
• Crohn’s disease

🧪 Duodenum
• Duodenitis
• Duodenal ulcer disease

🧬 Jejunum
• Jejunitis (inflammation)
• Malabsorption disorders

🧬 Ileum
• Ileitis
• Crohn’s disease (often affects this segment)

🧫 Large intestine (overall)
• Colitis
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Dysbiosis (microbiota imbalance)
• Ulcerative colitis (autoimmune)

⚪ Cecum
• Typhlitis (inflammation)

🪱 Appendix
• Appendicitis (usually inflammatory)

🌀 Colon
• Diverticulosis
• Diverticulitis
• Ischemic colitis
• Polyps

🟣 Sigmoid colon
• Sigmoiditis
• Sigmoid diverticulosis

🧷 Rectum
• Proctitis
• Rectal polyps

🚻 Anus
• Hemorrhoids
• Anal fissure
• Paraproctitis
• Anal pruritus (functional or inflammatory)

🧠 Liver
• Hepatitis (viral, autoimmune)
• Fatty liver disease (steatosis)
• Liver fibrosis

🟡 Gallbladder
• Gallstone disease
• Cholecystitis
• Biliary dyskinesia
• Gallbladder polyps

🧪 Pancreas
• Pancreatitis (acute and chronic)
• Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
• Pancreatic cysts

Diseases of the endocrine system

🧠 Hypothalamus
• Hypothalamic syndrome
• Hormonal thermoregulation disorders
• Hypothalamic obesity
• Central diabetes insipidus

🧠 Pituitary gland
• Hypopituitarism (pituitary hormone deficiency)
• Hyperprolactinemia
• Acromegaly / gigantism (excess growth hormone)
• Diabetes insipidus (vasopressin deficiency)
• Empty sella syndrome

🌙 Pineal gland
• Disorders of melatonin secretion
• Circadian sleep rhythm disorders
• Precocious or delayed puberty

🦋 Thyroid gland
• Hypothyroidism
• Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)
• Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s)
• Diffuse toxic goiter (Graves’ disease)
• Nodular goiter (non-tumorous)
• Endemic goiter

🟡 Parathyroid glands
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders

⚡ Adrenal glands
• Addison’s disease (chronic adrenal insufficiency)
• Cushing’s syndrome (hypercortisolism)
• Adrenogenital syndrome (congenital adrenal hyperplasia)
• Hyperaldosteronism
• Adrenal insufficiency

🍬 Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance)
• Hypoglycemic conditions

🛡 Thymus
• Thymomegaly (enlargement of the thymus)
• Thymic insufficiency
• Disorders of T-lymphocyte immune maturation

👩 Ovaries
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Ovarian insufficiency
• Hormonal menstrual cycle disorders
• Hyperandrogenism
• Endocrine infertility

👨 Testes
• Hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency)
• Disorders of spermatogenesis
• Endocrine male infertility
• Cryptorchidism (congenital undescended testis)
• Androgen deficiency

Diseases of the immune system

🩸 Bone marrow
• Aplastic anemia (suppression of hematopoiesis)
• Bone marrow hypoplasia
• Myelodysplastic conditions (non-tumorous forms)
• Disorders of blood formation
• Immune deficiency associated with bone marrow

🛡 Thymus
• Thymic insufficiency
• Thymomegaly (enlargement of the thymus)
• Disorders of T-lymphocyte maturation
• Primary immunodeficiencies associated with the thymus

🟣 Spleen
• Splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)
• Hypersplenism
• Functional insufficiency of the spleen
• Congenital anomalies of the spleen

🟢 Lymph nodes
• Lymphadenitis (inflammation of nodes)
• Chronic lymphadenopathy
• Reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes
• Autoimmune involvement of lymph nodes

👄 Tonsils
• Tonsillitis (angina / strep throat)
• Chronic tonsillitis
• Tonsillar hypertrophy
• Adenoiditis
• Peritonsillar inflammation

⚪ Lymphocytes
• Lymphopenia (decreased lymphocyte count)
• Lymphocytosis (increased lymphocyte count)
• Disorders of T-lymphocyte function
• Disorders of B-lymphocyte function
• Autoimmune diseases associated with lymphocytes

🔴 Leukocytes
• Leukopenia (low white blood cell count)
• Leukocytosis (elevated white blood cell count)
• Neutropenia
• Phagocytosis disorders
• Primary immunodeficiencies

🧬 Systemic immune diseases
(affect multiple components simultaneously)
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Scleroderma
• Vasculitis
• Behçet’s disease
• Sjögren’s syndrome
• Primary immunodeficiency disorders
• Allergic diseases of immune origin

Diseases of the muscular system

💪 Skeletal muscles (overall)
• Myositis (inflammation of muscles)
• Polymyositis (autoimmune)
• Dermatomyositis
• Muscular dystrophy (e.g., Duchenne)
• Myopathies (hereditary and acquired)
• Rhabdomyolysis (non-traumatic — metabolic or toxic)
• Metabolic myopathies
• Muscle atrophy (not related to trauma)

🙂 Head muscles
• Myositis of masticatory muscles
• Trismus (spasm of chewing muscles)
• Myofascial pain syndrome of the face
• Bruxism (involuntary clenching of the jaw)

🧠 Neck muscles
• Myositis of neck muscles
• Spasmodic torticollis (dystonia)
• Myofascial syndrome of the neck
• Cervical muscular dystonia

🧍 Trunk muscles
• Myositis of trunk muscles
• Myofascial back pain syndrome
• Chronic muscle spasms
• Atrophy of trunk muscles

✋ Upper limb muscles
• Myositis of arm muscles
• Myofascial syndrome of the shoulder girdle
• Chronic muscle fatigue syndrome
• Atrophy of arm muscles

🦵 Lower limb muscles
• Myositis of leg muscles
• Convulsive syndrome (frequent muscle cramps)
• Myopathies of leg muscles
• Atrophy of leg muscles
• Restless legs syndrome

🌬 Diaphragm
• Diaphragmatic spasm (e.g., hiccups)
• Paralysis of the diaphragm
• Diaphragmatic weakness in neuromuscular diseases

🫀 Smooth muscles of internal organs
• Smooth muscle spasms (e.g., intestinal, biliary)
• Dyskinesia of internal organs
• Hypotonia of smooth muscles
• Hypertonia of smooth muscles

❤️ Cardiac muscle (myocardium)
• Myocarditis (inflammation)
• Cardiomyopathies
• Myocardiodystrophy (metabolic damage)
• Heart failure of muscular origin

Diseases of the Nervous System

🧠 Brain

• Stroke (ischemic, hemorrhagic)
• Brain tumors
• Encephalitis
• Meningitis
• Epilepsy
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Parkinson’s disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Intracranial hypertension
• Migraine and other primary headaches

🧬 Spinal Cord

• Myelitis
• Spinal cord tumors
• Syringomyelia
• Spinal ischemia
• Multiple sclerosis (spinal form)
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

👁️ Cranial Nerves

• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Oculomotor nerve disorders (vascular, demyelinating)
• Optic neuritis
• Auditory nerve neuropathy
• Glossopharyngeal neuralgia

🦴 Spinal Nerves

• Degenerative radiculopathy
• Osteochondrosis with radicular syndrome
• Intervertebral disc herniation (degenerative)
• Compression-degenerative sciatica
• Non-traumatic plexopathies
• Polyradiculoneuritis

🔗 Nerve Ganglia

• Autonomic ganglionopathies
• Tumors of nerve ganglia
• Horner syndrome (due to internal sympathetic ganglion lesions)

⚡ Nerve Endings

• Peripheral neuropathy (diabetic, metabolic, etc.)
• Polyneuropathy
• Entrapment (tunnel) syndromes (idiopathic or degenerative)
• Neuropathic pain
• Allodynia, hyperesthesia

🧪 Hypothalamus

• Hypothalamic syndrome
• Central thermoregulation disorders
• Sleep disorders (circadian rhythm disorders)
• Hypothalamic obesity
• Central diabetes insipidus
• Hormonal dysfunctions of the hypothalamic-pituitary system
• Tumors of the hypothalamic region
• Central appetite disorders

🔵 Thalamus

• Thalamic stroke
• Thalamic pain syndrome
• Thalamic tumors
• Central sensory disturbances
• Disorders of consciousness due to thalamic lesions
• Epileptic syndromes with thalamic involvement

Diseases of the reproductive system

👩 Female reproductive system

🥚 Ovaries
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Ovarian insufficiency
• Ovarian dysfunction
• Follicular cysts (non-tumorous)
• Hyperandrogenism

🌀 Fallopian tubes
• Salpingitis (inflammation of the tubes)
• Hydrosalpinx (fluid accumulation)
• Fallopian tube obstruction
• Adhesive process

🫀 Uterus
• Endometriosis
• Adenomyosis
• Endometritis
• Endometrial hyperplasia (non-tumorous)
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
• Uterine prolapse

🧷 Cervix
• Cervicitis
• Cervical erosion (ectopia)
• Dysplasia (non-oncologic stage)
• Cervical insufficiency

🌸 Vagina
• Vaginitis (colpitis)
• Bacterial vaginosis
• Vaginal candidiasis (thrush)
• Atrophic vaginitis

🌺 External genitalia (vulva)
• Vulvitis
• Vulvovaginitis
• Vulvar leukoplakia
• Vulvar kraurosis
• Vulvodynia

🍼 Mammary glands (breasts)
• Mastitis (inflammation)
• Fibrocystic mastopathy
• Galactorrhea (milk discharge outside lactation)
• Hyperplasia of glandular tissue

👨 Male reproductive system

🥚 Testes
• Orchitis (inflammation)
• Hypogonadism
• Disorders of spermatogenesis
• Cryptorchidism (congenital undescended testis)
• Testicular atrophy

🧫 Epididymis
• Epididymitis (inflammation)
• Chronic epididymitis
• Epididymal obstruction

🪢 Vas deferens
• Inflammation of the duct (deferentitis)
• Obstruction of ducts
• Congenital anomalies

🧪 Seminal vesicles
• Vesiculitis (inflammation)
• Dysfunction of seminal vesicles

🍊 Prostate gland
• Prostatitis (acute and chronic)
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (adenoma)
• Chronic pelvic pain syndrome

💧 Bulbourethral glands
• Cowperitis (inflammation of glands)
• Duct obstruction

🍌 Penis
• Erectile dysfunction
• Peyronie’s disease (fibrosis of the tunica albuginea)
• Balanitis / balanoposthitis (inflammation)

⚪ Scrotum
• Varicocele (dilation of veins)
• Hydrocele (fluid accumulation around testis)
• Spermatocele (epididymal cyst)
• Non-traumatic scrotal edema

List of the most common respiratory system diseases

🫁 Nasal cavity / Nose
• Rhinitis (viral — “common cold”, bacterial, allergic)
• Sinusitis (maxillary sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, ethmoiditis, sphenoiditis)
• Nasal polyps
• Atrophic rhinitis
• Vasomotor rhinitis

👄 Pharynx
• Pharyngitis (viral or bacterial)
• Tonsillitis (angina / strep throat)
• Chronic tonsillitis
• Adenoiditis (in children)

🗣 Larynx
• Laryngitis (acute and chronic)
• Laryngotracheitis (including viral “croup” in children)
• Vocal cord nodules
• Laryngeal papillomatosis (human papillomavirus)

🫧 Trachea
• Tracheitis (usually viral)
• Tracheobronchitis

🌿 Bronchi
• Bronchitis (acute — usually viral)
• Chronic bronchitis
• Obstructive bronchitis
• Bronchial asthma (inflammatory, non-traumatic disease)
• Bronchiectasis

🌱 Bronchioles
• Bronchiolitis (often viral, especially in children — RSV)
• Obliterative bronchiolitis

🫁 Lungs
• Pneumonia (viral, bacterial, fungal)
• Tuberculosis
• Interstitial lung diseases
• Emphysema
• COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
• Pulmonary fibrosis
• Lung cancer (not traumatic, although smoking is an external factor)

🫧 Alveoli
• Alveolitis (inflammation of the alveoli)
• Respiratory distress syndrome (including severe infections)
• Pulmonary edema (non-traumatic — cardiogenic)
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system

🦴 Bones of the skeleton (overall)
• Osteoporosis (decreased bone density)
• Osteomalacia (softening of bones)
• Paget’s disease of bone
• Osteomyelitis (inflammation of bone tissue)
• Metabolic osteopathies

💀 Skull
• Osteoporosis of skull bones
• Fibrous dysplasia of skull bones

🧠 Spine
• Spinal osteochondrosis
• Spondylosis (degenerative changes)
• Spondylitis (inflammation of vertebrae)
• Ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew’s disease)
• Spinal canal stenosis

🫁 Ribs
• Osteoporosis of ribs
• Osteomalacia of ribs

🛡 Sternum
• Osteochondritis of the sternum (e.g., Tietze syndrome)

🦾 Shoulder girdle bones
• Osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint
• Shoulder periarthritis
• Osteoporosis of shoulder girdle bones

🦴 Pelvic bones
• Hip osteoarthritis (coxarthrosis)
• Hip dysplasia (congenital)
• Osteoporosis of pelvic bones

✋ Bones of the upper limbs
• Osteoarthritis of hand joints
• Osteoporosis of arm bones

🦵 Bones of the lower limbs
• Knee osteoarthritis (gonarthrosis)
• Osteoporosis of leg bones

🔗 Joints
• Osteoarthritis (degenerative disease)
• Rheumatoid arthritis (autoimmune)
• Gout (metabolic disease)
• Reactive arthritis
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Joint ankylosis
• Synovitis (inflammation of the joint lining)

🪢 Ligaments
• Ligamentosis (degenerative changes)
• Congenital weakness of ligamentous apparatus
• Calcification of ligaments

🧊 Cartilage
• Chondromalacia (softening of cartilage)
• Degeneration of articular cartilage
• Osteochondropathies
• Intervertebral disc degeneration
• Calcinosis of cartilage tissue

Diseases of the integumentary system

🧴 Skin (overall)
• Dermatitis (atopic, non-traumatic contact, seborrheic)
• Eczema
• Psoriasis (autoimmune)
• Urticaria (allergic)
• Vitiligo
• Rosacea
• Ichthyosis (congenital)
• Cutaneous scleroderma

🧫 Epidermis
• Hyperkeratosis
• Dyskeratosis
• Pemphigus (autoimmune disease)
• Bullous dermatoses
• Pigmentation disorders (hypo- and hyperpigmentation)

🧬 Dermis
• Dermatofibrosis
• Erythema nodosum
• Cutaneous vasculitis
• Cutaneous collagenoses
• Edematous and inflammatory dermopathies

🧊 Subcutaneous tissue
• Panniculitis (inflammation of fat tissue)
• Lipodystrophy
• Subcutaneous edema (non-traumatic)
• Metabolic changes of adipose tissue

💧 Sweat glands
• Hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating)
• Hypohidrosis / anhidrosis (reduced or absent sweating)
• Hidradenitis (inflammation of sweat glands)
• Thermoregulatory sweating disorders

🟡 Sebaceous glands
• Acne
• Seborrhea
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Sebaceous gland hyperplasia
• Obstruction of gland ducts

🧑‍🦱 Hair
• Alopecia (areata, androgenetic)
• Telogen hair loss (telogen effluvium)
• Seborrheic alopecia
• Hair growth disorders
• Hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth)
• Hair fragility

💅 Nails
• Onychomycosis (fungal infection)
• Onycholysis (nail separation)
• Nail dystrophies
• Brittle nails
• Ingrown nail (non-traumatic origin)
• Nail psoriasis

Diseases of the urinary system

🫘 Kidneys
• Pyelonephritis (inflammation of kidney tissue and renal pelvis)
• Glomerulonephritis (autoimmune damage to glomeruli)
• Interstitial nephritis
• Polycystic kidney disease (congenital)
• Hydronephrosis
• Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone disease)
• Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
• Renal failure (acute and chronic)
• Nephropathies (e.g., diabetic)

🧫 Ureters
• Ureteritis (inflammation of the ureter)
• Ureteral obstruction (stone, stricture)
• Vesicoureteral reflux
• Hydroureter (dilation of the ureter)
• Congenital anomalies of the ureters

🟡 Urinary bladder
• Cystitis (acute and chronic)
• Interstitial cystitis
• Overactive bladder
• Bladder stones
• Neurogenic bladder
• Bladder diverticula
• Vesicoureteral reflux

🚻 Urethra
• Urethritis (bacterial, viral)
• Urethral stricture (narrowing)
• Urethral syndrome
• Congenital anomalies of the urethra
• Urethral stones